Constitutional development in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Long Question and Answer) - Class 9 Notes | youweb16.

In this post We have shared Important Long Question and answer of Chapter #3 Constitutional Development in The Islamic Republic Of Pakistan. You can get free online Pakistan Studies class 9 Notes Here.If you like this post so do not forget to Comment and Share.

Q1. Why is the constitution necessary for a country?

Ans. CONSTITUTION: A collection of rules and regulations which is arranged to operate the system of government is called Constitution. A constitution is formed after observation of traditions, customs and ideology and court decisions.

HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION: As far as the history of the constitution is concerned, it is very old. The primitive man used to live in small families and tribes. Each family unit had its own rules and way of living. Later their family units become the big tribes to meet their economic, social and defence needs. With time, their tribes increased and they organized themselves into much bigger units with a certain territory. These big tribes and units needed some rules and regulations of their own called constitution.

MODERN CONCEPT OF A CONSTITUTION: In modern states, especially in the democratic state, the constitution is a must because, without a constitution, no country can run the state properly. The main objectives of every state are the prosperity and welfare of the people.

TYPES OF CONSTITUTIONS: Today constitution is of two types:

a. Parliamentary Form of Constitution: In this form of constitution, a parliamentary system of government has been given.

b. Presidential Form Of Constitution: In this form of constitution, the presidential system of the government has been given.

IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTION: A constitution is needed to run the affairs of the government in a country. The need or importance of the constitution can be described as follows:

(i) Set Of Basic Laws: The constitution of a country is a set of all basic laws, rules and regulations which are necessary for running the administration of the state.

(ii) Fundamental Objectives: The constitution is also a protector of fundamental rights and the main objective of the state.

(ii) Determination Of The Rights: The fundamental rights of the citizens of a country are determined according to the constitution.

(iv) Provision Of Permanent System: It provides a permanent system to a state. A permanent system of Government is necessary for a stable and strong government.

(v) Rules And Regulations Of The Different Institutions: Constitution provides basic rules and regulations for different institutions like parliament, judiciary and administration.

(vi) Creates Equality: Constitution creates equality because it confirms that all are equal in the eyes of law.

CONCLUSION: The supreme law of any country is called a constitution. The constitution is a must for any state. Without a constitution, the state cannot protect the basic rights of the people as well as independent of the judiciary.

Q2. What are the salient features of objective resolution?

Ans. INTRODUCTION: In the history of constitution-making in Pakistan, the objective resolution is an important document and a basic step to frame the constitution. It was approved on March 12, 1949.

In this resolution, emphasis was laid on the enforcement of Islamic principles for the formation of state policy and the government, which was the basis of the Pakistan movement.

SALIENT FEATURES OF OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION:

1. Sovereignty Of Allah: Sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah. Political power is a sacred trust, which shall be exercised by the representatives of the people within the limits prescribed by Islam.

2. Principle Of Democracy: The principle and concepts of democracy, equality and social justice enunciated by Islam shall be enforced within the country.

3. Principles Of Life According To The Quran And Sunnah: Muslims shall be enabled to lead their collective as well as individual life following the principles set in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

4. Protection of Rights of Minorities: The rights of minorities shall be protected. They will have the freedom to follow their religion and promote their own culture.

5. Federal State: Pakistan shall be a federal state. The provinces will enjoy autonomy within the prescribed limit mentioned in the constitution.

6. Safeguard Of Basic Rights And Judiciary: The basic right of the people and the independence of the judiciary will be guaranteed.

CONCLUSION: Objective Resolution has great importance to frame the constitution of the country because after the objective resolution, the first constituent assembly of Pakistan was formed.

Q3. Describe the salient features of the constitution of 1956.

Ans. CONSTITUTION OF 1956: The constitution of 1956 was prepared under the cabinet of Chaudhary Muhammad Ali by the second constitutional assembly of Pakistan. It was prepared after the consideration of the objective resolution and Muhammad Ali Bogra's formula. It was approved on February 29th in the constituent assembly. Major General Iskander Mirza signed it on March 2nd then it was enforced on March 23rd 1956.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE 1956 CONSTITUTION:

1. Federal Parliamentary Form Of Government Was Introduced: Federal parliamentary form of government was introduced which was the demand of the people of Pakistan. This system was introduced because in Pakistan there are four provinces and all want provincial autonomy.

2. Sovereignty of Allah: In the preamble of the constitution, it was stated that sovereignty rests with Almighty Allah and Pakistan was declared as the Islamic Republic.

3. Governor General Replacement: Governor General was replaced by President.

4. Relations With Muslim Countries: The maintenance of close relations with the Muslim countries of the world was emphasized.

5. Country Was Declared As Islamic Republic: In the introduction of the constitution, it was stated that Pakistan was declared as Islamic Republic.

6. Democracy Was Introduced: Democracy was introduced in the country. Pakistan came into being under a democratic process that's why democracy must be there in the country.

7. Distribution of Powers Between Federal And Provincial Government: The powers were distributed between the centre and the provinces of Pakistan. East Pakistan and West Pakistan are under the Federal system of government.

8. Free and Fair Judiciary Granted: For the provision of justice to the common man free and fair judiciary was granted.

9. Law According To Islam: Any law against the teaching of Islam was to be amended. Pakistan came into being in the name of the supreme law of the country.

10. Rights of Minority: All basic rights of the non-Muslim minority were protected by the state.

11. National Language: Urdu and Bengali language were declared the national language of Pakistan.

CONCLUSION: After the creation of Pakistan, Pakistan remained for more than eight years without a constitution. In 1956, after a long struggle, a constitution was given to the country and it was an Islamic democratic constitution.

Q4. Why did East Pakistan separate from West Pakistan?

Ans. Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947 into two parts East and West Pakistan. It remained one country till the separation of East Pakistan in 1971.

CAUSES OF THE FALL OF EAST PAKISTAN:

The causes of the fall of east Pakistan are as follows.

1. Geographical Location Of East And West Pakistan: The distance between the two parts of Pakistan was more than sixteen hundred kilometres separated by India. The people of both parts could not come closer to each other. India took advantage of this misunderstanding and started vicious propaganda against the people of West Pakistan to misguide the people of East Pakistan.

2. Difference In The Social Structure: The problems of the people of both provinces were different. Hence, they could not develop an understanding of each other. The officers belonging to East Pakistan were more friendly and closer to the people. On the contrary, the officers from West Pakistan when posted in East Pakistan, they maintained a distance from the people. This created a sense of hatred against West Pakistan.

3. Martial Laws: The imposition of martial laws created a sense of deprivation among the people of East Pakistan. Thus, democracy could not flourish in the country.

4. Language Issue: The federal government's policy on the issue of official language was opposed by the people of East Pakistan. This agitated the minds of Bengali.

5. Provincial Autonomy: East Pakistan wanted complete provincial autonomy. This demand was not accepted till India had East Pakistan in 1971. Had this demand been accepted earlier, East Pakistan would not have separated.

6. Economic Deprivation and Propaganda: Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman, a leader of the Awami League party in Bengali propagated that Bengalis were economically deprived and demanded a separate economic system for East Pakistan. He started developing secret relations with India. All India Radio through its programmes created hatred in the hearts of Bengalis against the people of West Pakistan.

7. Role of Hindu Teachers: A large number of Hindu teachers were teaching in educational institutions in East Pakistan. They produced such literature, which created negative thinking in the minds of Bengalis against the people of West Pakistan.

8. International Conspiracies: About 10 million Hindus were living in East Pakistan. India stood at the back of these Hindus to protect their interests. India wanted to separate East Pakistan to strengthen the economic position of the Hindus. Russia was against Pakistan because Pakistan had allowed America to establish military bases in Pakistan. On the other hand, America also wanted the separation of East Pakistan; under the circumstances, Russia openly supported India's aggression against Pakistan.

9. Sheikh Mujib's Majority In The Election of 1970: On winning the majority in the elections, Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman started increasing his demands, which were ignored by the military junta ruling Pakistan.

10. Military Action In East Pakistan: After the general elections of December 1970 the law and order situation in East Pakistan had gone from bad to worse. The army started military action against the separatist movement of the Awami League. This created hatred among Bengalis.

11. India's Attack: As a result of military action, leaders of the Awami League and a large number of Bengalis escaped to India. India started interfering in the affairs of Pakistan. India termed military action in East Pakistan as an attack on India. On December 3, 1971, the war between Pakistan and India began. On December 16, 1971, East Pakistan became an independent and free state of Bangladesh.

05. What role should Pakistani play in the prosperity of the country?

Ans. INTRODUCTION: Pakistan is our motherland. We got this homeland after great sacrifices. As Pakistani, we have to protect our land and we must work for the stability and unity of the country. It is also our responsibility to do work only for the prosperity and well-being of the country.

ROLE OF PAKISTANI FOR THE PROSPERITY OF THE COUNTRY: In order to keep Pakistan strong and prosperous, the following steps are needed:

1. National Development: Work hard in all spheres of national development to make the country prosperous and economically independent.

2. Patriotism: Manifest our love and patriotism for Pakistan through our work and deeds.

3. Spread of Education: Educate our younger generation and spread education in every nook and corner of the country.

4. Dedicated Hard Work: Try to become self-reliant and avoid seeking loans and aid from others This would be possible through dedicated hard work.

5. Eradication Of Corruption: Establish a system of government based on social justice and eradicate corruption in all its form.

6. Proud Pakistan: Feel proud as Pakistani.

7. Safeguard Of Ideology Of Pakistan: The preservation and protection of Pakistan's ideology was the basis of the Pakistan Movement, which was the primary purpose of the freedom struggle.

8. National Unity: Pakistan should strive to develop national unity by creating social and cultural harmony. It should be accomplished because of Islamic ideology.

9. Character Building: Character building of the individual should be the prime objective of Pakistani. This very purpose should be achieved in a way to infuse courage in the youth to enable them to face the truth.

Q6. Write down the salient features of the constitution of 1973.

Ans. INTRODUCTION: After the separation of East Pakistan, the elected representatives of West Pakistan were called to frame a constitution. A 25-member committee comprising representatives of both government and opposition was entrusted to draft a permanent constitution. This draft prepared by the committee was approved in April 1973 and the constitution was promulgated by Mr Z.A Bhutto in the country on 14th August 1973.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1973:

1. Foundation: The foundation of the 1973 constitution was laid on the objective resolution.

2. State Religion: The country was declared an Islamic republic of Pakistan and Islam was made the official religion of the state.

3. Definition Of A Muslim: The definition of a Muslim was made part of the constitution and it was said that:

"A person who has implicit faith in the oneness of Allah and in the Prophethood of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) as the last prophet of Allah will be considered as Muslim (Musalman)".

4. Muslim President And Prime Minister: The offices of the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan were restricted to Muslims only.

5. Objective Resolution As Base: The objective resolution was included in the constitution as its preamble.

6. Form Of Government: Federal and Parliamentary form of government was introduced. The Prime Minister was given wide powers and the authority of the President was curtailed. Practically, the President could not pass important orders without the concurrence of the Prime Minister.

7. Parliament Of Two Houses: A parliament consisting of two houses was established got the first time. The upper house was called Senate and the Lower House was called National Assembly.

8. Autonomy Of Provincial Government: The provincial government was granted autonomy.

9. Protection Of Rights: In order to protect the rights of the people, necessary safeguards were provided to ensure the independence of the judiciary.

10. Islamic Ideology Council: Islamic ideology council was developed to guide the government in connection with Islamic Principles. The council could give its option on laws, which are contrary to or prejudicial to Islam.

CONCLUSION: The constitution of 1973 is still enforced in the country, although certain amendments in the constitution have been incorporated into it.

Q7. Write down the salient features of the constitution of 1962.

Ans. INTRODUCTION: On October 7, 1958, the army took authority under the leadership of General Ayub Khan and enforced martial law in the country. After this, Ayub Khan appointed a committee consisting of seven members and give it the responsibility of forming the new constitution. Thus, on 1"March 1962, the constitution was enforced.

SALIENT FEATURES OF CONSTITUTION OF 1962: The constitution of 1962 had the following features:

1. Objective Resolution: The objective resolution (1949) was included in the preamble of the constitution.

2. Power within The Limits of the Holy Quran and Sunnah: The public representatives would use their powers within the limits prescribed by Holy Quran and Sunnah.

3. Islamic Republic State: The Islamic Republic status of the state was upheld.

4. Law According To Islam: No law contrary to the principles of Islam was to be enforced. People were provided with all possible opportunities to lead their lives according to the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.

5. Islamic Advisory Council: An Islamic Advisory Council was set up with the objectives to identify un-Islamic provisions in the existing laws and recommend amendments to make them in accordance with Islamic principles.

6. Presidential Form Of Government: First time in Pakistan, a presidential form of government was introduced.

7. Powers Of The President: All the powers were concentrated in the office of the president.

8. The System Of Basic Democracies: The systems of basic democracies were made part of the constitution.

9. Indirect System Of Elections: Indirect system of elections was introduced.

CONCLUSION: The constitution of 1962 remained enforced for about seven years till the imposition of Martial Law in March 1969 by the commander-in-chief of the Army, General Yahya Khan.

Constitutional development in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan - Long Question and Answer - Class 9 Notes | youweb16